Vital Arctic sea ice shrank to its lowest measured level for the winter, the season when ice grows, as a warming Earth shattered records across the continents.
Earth’s refrigerator Arctic sea ice levels, especially in the summer, are crucial to Earth’s climate because without the ice reflecting sunlight, more heat energy goes into the oceans. Ice of all kinds around the poles acts as Earth’s refrigerator. Wildlife, such as polar bears and seals, also depend on sea ice. Lack of sea ice in the Arctic creates new shipping routes and in doing so causes geopolitical disruptions, making onceignored places such as Greenland, more desirable.
The shrinking Arctic sea ice was announced on March 26 as temperatures broke March heat records across the United States, all over Mexico, in Australia, across Northern Africa and through parts of Northern Europe. Climatologist and weather historian Maximiliano Herrera, who tracks extreme temperatures, called the extreme March temperatures “by far the most extreme heat event in world climatic history” and said on social media that the next few days would be “much worse.”
Sixteen states broke March temperature records in the past week or so, said weather historian Christ Burt. Twenty-seven locations had temperatures in the past week high enough to tie or surpass the hottest April day on record, including St. Louis, meteorologists said. Mexico has had thousands of records shattered, some of them warmer than the hottest May temperatures, but that’s nothing compared with what’s happening in Asia, where “dozens of thousands of monthly records” were smashed by 30 to 35 degrees (17 to 19 degrees Celsius) margins, Herrera said.
Coldest March day Yet at the same time earlier this week, Antarctica set a record for the coldest March day anywhere on Earth at minus 105.5 degrees (minus 76.4 degrees Celsius), according to Herrera and Burt. Each year Arctic sea ice grows over the cold winter and shrinks in the heat of the summer. This year the growth was so small that it peaked before starting to shrink.
Summer sea ice key The summer melt season — which precedes a September measurement known as the Arctic sea ice minimum — is “really the critical time,” senior scientist, Meier, said. One reason is that when there’s less white ice reflecting the strong summer sun, the oceans can absorb more heat. And when that happens, the Arctic warms closer to temperatures further south and atmospheric pressure changes.
Melting sea ice does not contribute to sea level rise. Winter sea ice growth season is also more variable with weather changes, so just because the Arctic hits a record small amount in March, it doesn’t mean that the summer will be record low, Meier said.
Temperatures broke March heat records across US, all over Mexico, Australia, across Northern Africa and parts of Northern Europe.
“The winter maximum is certainly interesting,” Meier said. “It is, I’d say, a climate change global warming signal.” On the other end of the planet, Antarctic sea ice is heavily affected by local weather and ocean factors. In February, Antarctica hit its annual low point and while it was smaller than the 30-year average.
